B.tech Communicative English Important Questions with Answer
<![if !supportLists]>1) <![endif]>Key Differences Between Debate and Group Discussion with e.g ?
The difference between debate and group discussion can be drawn clearly on the given below parameters:
<![if !supportLists]>1. <![endif]>Group Discussion is an analytical and interactive process, wherein expression of thoughts, ideas, opinions, and facts take place by way of open communication, between participants. On the other hand, a debate is a systematic contest or discussion on a specific issue, in which the participants put forward opposing arguments and it ends with a final decision based on votes.
<![if !supportLists]>2. <![endif]>The debate is a sort of contest and so it is competitive in nature, whereas group discussion is a cooperative process.
<![if !supportLists]>3. <![endif]>In a debate there are two opposing sides – affirmative (support) and negative (against). As against, there are no such sides in case of group discussion.
<![if !supportLists]>4. <![endif]>In a debate, the participants seek to persuade the listener, with evidence and arguments. Conversely, in a group discussion, the members aim at sharing ideas and exchanging facts and information with the fellow members.
<![if !supportLists]>5. <![endif]>In a debate, both the teams can speak on the issue, one by one in which they can lead the argument further and also counter the question raised by the opponent. As well as, a set amount of time is allotted to each participant to speak. In contrast, in a group discussion, there is no such thing like turn, a candidate can put forward his/her point whenever, the person who is speaking has completed his point.
<![if !supportLists]>6. <![endif]>The debate involves winning or losing, whereas group discussion is all about the expression of one’s own point of view and respecting others point of view.
<![if !supportLists]>7. <![endif]>In a debate, the speaker has to speak either in favour/support of the topic. In a group discussion, participants can freely share their views with the group, no matter their point is in favour of something or against it, as well as the participant is also allowed to defend their point with logical reasoning.
<![if !supportLists]>8. <![endif]>Group Discussion does not result in a final conclusion or decision but a consensus is reached at the end. On the contrary, in the case of debate, the final decision is based on voting.
<![if !supportLists]>9. <![endif]>In a debate, the participants speak on the particular topic only. In a group, discussion arguments can take a different direction, but deviations should be avoided.
G.D Example
Hello everyone, my name is ____ and I will be initiating the group discussion. I would like to ask a question from all of you. [Add a question here relevant to the topic] Mahatma Gandhi said, ________ [or any other relevant quote] and this corresponds to the topic of our group discussion today which is _____.
Debet Example
"Good morning to all of you present here. I am [name] from house [name] to speak on the topic of [title]." Should I start my debate with a quote or by greeting the audience and then adding the quote? It's great to start a debate with a quote.
<![if !supportLists]>2) <![endif]>write in detail the significance of paralinguistics in presentation ?
Paralinguistic Communication Paralinguistics is the part of communication outside of the words themselves – the volume, speed, intonation of a voice along with gestures and other non-verbal cues. Whenever there is confusion or stereotyping in cross-cultural communication, paralinguistics is most often responsible.
Paralinguistics can be broken down into categories. The following are he most important for the classroom.
• Gestures
• Facial expressions
• Eye contact
• Kinesics or body language
• Proxemics
Gestures: Gestures are commonly used in the classroom to help convey a message to second language learners. Be careful! Gestures have different meanings in different cultures. Let’s look at a few examples. Here we have someone waving. In the United States, waving means a simple hello or goodbye. But in Mexico, this simple wave means “come here”. Imagine how confusing that could be for students. In our next scenario, we are watching a Brazilian woman (on the left) talking with an American woman (on the right). The women are discussing plans for the evening, and the American woman agrees to the plans by showing the OK sign (creating a circle with the thumb and fore finger). In the United States, this gesture signals approval, that you agree. In Brazil though, it’s the same as giving someone the evil eye. (video clips with music showing children in class, different types of gestures)
Facial Expresssions: Many facial expressions are universal, such as happiness, sadness, and surprise. Others though, are not. When reading a child’s facial expressions, a teacher must be careful not to jump to conclusions. How cultures use facial expressions differ. For example, Japanese children often refrain from showing emotion through facial expression – especially negative emotions. Along the same lines, reading eyebrow movement is very telling in many cultures. What do your facial expressions communicate? (video clips with music showing children in class, different types of facial expressions)
Eye Contact: Eye contact provides necessary feedback for conversations to take place such as turn taking, as well as beginning and ending conversations. The amount of eye contact deemed appropriate is very culturally based – too much or too little can show boredom, intimidation, or disrespect. (video clips with music showing children in class, different types of eye contact)
Kinesics – Body Language: Postures give quite a bit of information. Is the listener open or closed to the speaker? Is the speaker showing dominance by being at a higher level? Are other objects used as a comfort? (video clips with music showing children in class, different types of body language)
Proxemics: Each person in each culture has a need for personal space that can vary greatly. How far apart do you sit or stand when you talk to a person? How do you feel when someone enters your personal space? (video clips with music showing children in class, different types of proxemic examples)
What are some common paralinguistic miscues?
• Talking too loudly is often an American trait seen as a sign of aggression or tactless behavior.
• The British norm of speaking softly can be seen as secretive
• There is a Japanese proverb that says “Those who know do not speak – those who speak do not know.” What would this look like in the classroom?
• In American and Arabic cultures, silence is avoided.
<![if !supportLists]>3) <![endif]>what are the causes of inter-personal barriers? How do poor listening skills affect the inter-personal barriers?
Whenever two people are together, there's communication. Interpersonal communication includes not only verbal communication, but also non-verbal communication -- what do those raised eyebrows mean? Why is she crossing her arms? Oh my gosh! He's staring! The recipient of communication, whether verbal or non-verbal communication, interprets the potential meaning of that communication. Barriers to interpersonal communication occur when the sender’s message is received differently from how it was intended. Typically, communication breakdowns result from lack of understanding without clarification; often, there wasn't even an attempt at clarification. If barriers to interpersonal communication are not acknowledged and addressed, workplace productivity can suffer.
Language Differences
Interpersonal communication can go awry when the sender and receiver of the message speak a different language -- literally and figuratively. Not everyone in the workplace will understand slang, jargon, acronyms and industry terminology. Instead of seeking clarification, employees might guess at the meaning of the message and then act on mistaken assumptions. Also, misunderstandings may occur among workers who do not speak the same primary language. As a result, feelings may be hurt, based on misinterpretation of words or of body language.
Cultural Differences
Interpersonal communication may be adversely affected by lack of cultural understanding, mis-perception, bias and stereotypical beliefs. Workers may have limited skill or experience communicating with people from a different background. Many companies offer diversity training to help employees understand how to communicate more effectively across cultures and relate to those who may have different background experiences. Similarly, gender barriers can obstruct interpersonal communication if men and women are treated differently, and held to different standards, causing interpersonal conflicts in the workplace.
Personality Differences
Like any skill, some people are better at interpersonal communication than others. Personality traits also influence how well an individual interacts with subordinates, peers and supervisors. Extraversion can be an advantage when it comes to speaking out, sharing opinions and disseminating information. However, introverts may have the edge when it comes to listening, reflecting and remembering. Barriers to interpersonal communication may occur when employees lack self-awareness, sensitivity and flexibility. Such behavior undermines teamwork, which requires mutual respect, compromise and negotiation. Bullying, backstabbing and cut throat competition create a toxic workplace climate that will strain interpersonal relationships.
Generational Differences
Interpersonal communication can be complicated by generational differences in speech, dress, values, priorities and preferences. For instance, there may be a generational divide as to how team members prefer to communicate with one another. If younger workers sit in cubicles, using social networking as their primary channel of communication, it can alienate them from older workers who may prefer face-to-face communication. Broad generalizations and stereotypes can also cause interpersonal rifts when a worker from one generation feels superior to those who are younger or older. Biases against workers based on age can constitute a form of discrimination.
Poor listening leads to assumptions and misunderstandings. These lead to errors, ineffective decisions, and/or costly mistakes. On a personal level, poor listening leads to hurt feelings and a loss of team cohesion. This deteriorates trust and weakens communication even further.
<![if !supportLists]>4) <![endif]>what is technical style of report writing ? what principles of written communication are relevant for report writing ?
Technical report is a document that describes the progress, process, or results of scientific or technical research. It also can include some recommendations and conclusions. Technical reports may be considered as grey literature because they rarely undergo comprehensive independent peer review before publication.
Technical reports are a great source of technical or scientific information. They can be written both for wider or internal distribution. In order to establish novelty, technical reports can be considered as a primary form of scientific paper when researchers don’t want to wait when academic journals publish their work.
So, as you see, a technical report is key part of the research that also should be written according to established rules. Below, you will find some tips on how to write it.
Technical Report Elements
A typical technical report consists of the following elements:
<![if !supportLists]>Ø <![endif]>The title page
<![if !supportLists]>Ø <![endif]>The introduction
<![if !supportLists]>Ø <![endif]>The summary
<![if !supportLists]>Ø <![endif]>Experimental details
<![if !supportLists]>Ø <![endif]>Results and discussions
<![if !supportLists]>Ø <![endif]>The body
<![if !supportLists]>Ø <![endif]>Conclusion
The conclusion may include
<![if !supportLists]>ü <![endif]>Recommendations
<![if !supportLists]>ü <![endif]>Reference
<![if !supportLists]>ü <![endif]>Bibliography
<![if !supportLists]>ü <![endif]>Acknowledgments
<![if !supportLists]>ü <![endif]>Appendices
<![if !supportLists]>5) <![endif]> What are the functions of non-verbal communication? Explain with suitable example for each?
The 5 functions of nonverbal communication are Reinforcement, Substitution, Contradiction, Accentuation, and Regulation. These functions help both the sender and the receiver of a message. We will explain them thoroughly in this section.
1. Contradicts verbal message- A nonverbal cue may contradict the verbal message and cause what is said to be at odds with what is done. For example, a student about to make an oral presentation to the class, despite his trembling hands and perspiring forehead, who says “I’m not nervous”, has his verbal message contradicted by his nonverbal behavior.
The ripple effect of contradictory verbal message is that it leads to a double-message— the verbal message say one thing, the nonverbal cue, another.
2. Reinforces or emphasises verbal message- A nonverbal message reinforces or accentuates the verbal message when it adds to its meaning. In the same way that underlining or italicising written words emphasises them, saying “Come here now” conveys a more urgent message than “Come here now”.
Pounding your hand on the table while saying, “Listen to me”, conveys a more effective message than the words alone. While your gestureOpens in new window may be redundant, it adds emphasis to your statement and captures the listener’s attention.
3. Regulate flow of verbal communication- A nonverbal behavior functions to regulatethe flow of verbal interaction. Your eye contactOpens in new window, tone of voice, nodding of the head, slight hand movements, and other nonverbal behaviors tell your partner when to talk, to repeat a statement, to hurry up, or to finish the conversation.
The same applies to group communication. The chairperson at a meeting, for example, uses eye contact or hand gestures instead of words to indicate whose turn it is to speak.
<![if !supportLists]>4. <![endif]> Complements verbal message- A nonverbal message complements the verbal message when it conveys the same meaning. For example, when you receive a visitor with the welcome message, “I’m pleased to meet you”, and accompany the verbal message with a warm smile, an exciting tone of voice and facial expression, you are complementing the verbal message with your nonverbal cues.
5. Substitute for spoken words- GesturesOpens in new window, facial expressionsOpens in new window, and other nonverbal cues can substitute for or take the place of spoken words. When we fail at our attempts to utter words to express our sorrow at the death of a friend or a relative, an embrace often suffices.
Conclusion- Nonverbal communication is a versatile, useful, and powerful tool. It works with verbal communication to help us send clear and strong messages. It’s very helpful in avoiding misunderstandings that affect conversations and relationships among people. The 5 functions of nonverbal communication above prove this.
<![if !supportLists]>6) <![endif]>What is Feedback? | Definition of feedback in Communication?
we can say that feedback is a system where the reaction or response of the receiver reaches to the sender after he has interpreted the message. Feedback is inevitably essential to make two way communication effective. In fact, without feedback in communication remains incomplete.
Feedback is the response or reaction of the receiver after perceiving or understanding the message. It enables the sender to evaluate the effectiveness of the message. It is inevitably essential in case of two-way communication. Without feedback, two way communication is either ineffective or incomplete. Feedback is the only way to gain receiver’s response and depending on the feedback, sender can tack further steps. In organizational or business communication the feedback process is extremely important.
<![if !supportLists]>7) <![endif]>What are techniques of Reading methods ?
Two reading methods that can be used effectively for reading scientific and technical texts are ERRQ and SQ3R techniques.
ERRQ reading technique has four stages, i.e. Estimate, Read, Respond, and Question. The basic purpose of this strategy is to get the reader to link what he/she has with new information. This technique might be useful for reading any kind of text.
SQ3R ensures high degree of understanding and remembrance. It has five stages, i.e., Survey, Question, Read, Recall, and Revise.
Reading comprehension is phenomenal and crucial in assessing language skills in various entrance examinations.
Conclusion: The students will get the ability to recognize words quickly and effortlessly. Over time, the students gain more and more responsibility for using the strategies until they can use them independently.
Example :- Horse owners who plan to breed one or more mares should have a working knowledge of heredity and know how to care for breeding animals and foals. The number of mares bred that actually conceive varies from about 40 to 85 percent, with the average running less than 50 percent. Some mares that do conceive fail to produce living foals. This means that, on average, two mares are kept a whole year to produce one foal, and even then, some foals are disappointments from the standpoint of quality. By careful selection, breeders throughout history have developed various kinds of horses with a wide variety of characteristics to suit many different needs. The Great Horse of the Middle Ages, for example, was bred for size and strength to carry a heavily armoured knight. The massive horses of such breeds are often called "cold blooded." The Arabs bred lithe desert horses that were small and swift. These animals are often referred to as "hot blooded.” Cross-breeding of hot blooded and cold-blooded horses for certain characteristics produced breeds ranging from riding horses to draft horses. The Thoroughbred is considered by many to be the highpoint of elegance and fine selective breeding. Many persons mistakenly apply the name Thoroughbred to any purebred horse. But a Thoroughbred is a distinct breed of running horses that traces its ancestry through the male line directly back to three Eastern stallions: the Byerly Turk, the Darley Arabian, and the Godolphin Barb. For convenience the breeds of horses are often divided into three major groups: (1) ponies, (2) heavy, or draft horses, and (3) light horses.
<![if !supportLists]>8) <![endif]>Write in detail the various errors committed by the interviewers?
Interviewing skills are too often overlooked and not given the attention they deserve. Most first-time hiring managers simply aren’t taught the basics of interviewing or reminded of the fact that this is a two-way process, and that they too are being assessed by the candidate.
As a result, many hiring managers tend to make similar mistakes when conducting their first interview. I hope to highlight what these common mistakes are, so that you can avoid these ahead of time.
<![if !supportLists]>1. <![endif]>Not reading the candidate’s CV before the interview- Schedule half an hour before each interview to familiarise yourself with the candidate you are about to see. Review any projects and examples of their work which are of interest and take a look at their LinkedIn profile. Doing so will help you feel prepared and allow you to start building a rapport with the candidate.
<![if !supportLists]>2. <![endif]>Being too quick to judge- During your preparation for the interview, be mindful not to form any preconceived ideas or opinions about the candidate’s suitability for the role. Perhaps, after reading their CV, you are concerned about a possible skills gap or career decision that they made. Whilst these concerns may well be justified, don’t rule any candidate out or make any snap judgements before interviewing them, or even during. Keep an open mind and give the candidate a fair chance.
<![if !supportLists]>3. <![endif]>Poor timekeeping- Turning up late to the interview is poor form and will only serve to worsen the candidate’s nerves. Likewise, hurrying the candidate out of the door once the interview has ended because you have another meeting to attend is discourteous, and can damage your reputation as an employer. Whilst of course your role is demanding and you don’t often have the luxury of time, do try to make a concerted effort to clear at least 30 minutes either side of the interview. Treat the candidate and the entire hiring process as your priority, because at this point in time, it is.
<![if !supportLists]>4. <![endif]>Giving a robotic introduction- When interviewing a candidate, always start by giving a short introduction to yourself, the company, as well as the vacancy you are hiring for. This may sound like a simple task, but it can be surprisingly easy to slip up here. Avoid giving an unstructured, generic introduction, by simply rattling off information in the job description and company website. Instead bring the opportunity to life for the candidate and give them an insight that they wouldn’t have been able to find during their preparation for the interview.
<![if !supportLists]>5. <![endif]>Appearing disinterested- Another big red flag for a candidate is an interviewer who appears completely disinterested in what they have to say. Hopefully you know to put your phone away during the interview and refrain from checking it. However, your subconscious behaviours could let you down if you aren’t paying attention – from not making eye contact to fidgeting and looking around the room.
<![if !supportLists]>6. <![endif]>A poor questioning technique- Now onto the most important part: your interview questions. Another mistake I often see first-time interviewers make is asking the wrong types of questions or asking them in the wrong way. Some interviewers may neglect to ask those questions which will reveal more about the candidate’s soft skills, such as being well organised or a good listener.
<![if !supportLists]>7. <![endif]>Not being ready for their questions- Don’t get so preoccupied with getting your own questions right that you forget to prepare yourself for those which the candidate might ask you. It would be a good idea to review some of the questions that we advise candidates to ask in an interview, making sure you could answer these well if needed.
<![if !supportLists]>9) <![endif]>. Speaking negatively- On the subject of questions, the candidate may well ask you how the role came about. Whatever you do, do not say anything negative about the predecessor for this role. Even if they left on bad terms, there’s no need to share this information.
<![if !supportLists]>10) <![endif]>. Not confirming the next steps- Lastly, make sure you are clear with the candidate on what the next steps of the hiring process are. Confirm time frames and when they can expect to hear back. Thank them for their time and provide feedback to your recruiter as soon as you have had the chance to reflect on this candidate’s suitability.
10). A two-way process- When interviewing a candidate, it is important not to get complacent and think all of the hard work is down to them. Like I said in the beginning, the job interview is a two-way process, and the candidate needs to be sold on your suitability as their next employer. Therefore, make sure you prepare fully, show an interest and, ultimately, tell the candidate why they should choose you above everybody else.
9) Do's & Don'ts of Group Discussion
important points on the Do's & Don’ts of a Group Discussion.
<![if !supportLists]>1) <![endif]>Dress Formally- Dressing sense of a person helps making the first impression and determining one’s personality – so do not take it casually. Dress smartly in a formal outfit for the GD and PI round. It will add to your confidence and keep you comfortable while speaking in a group. Positive gestures and body language will make your work easier.
<![if !supportLists]>2) <![endif]>Don’t Rush Into It- Initiating the GD is a big plus. But it works in your favour only when you understand the GD topic. If you are not sure about the topic, take your time, take a cue from others and then frame your argument. It will help you appear more measured when you speak and bring out your analytical skills.
<![if !supportLists]>3) <![endif]>Keep Eye Contact While Speaking- Stay relaxed and keep eye contact with every team member of the group discussion while speaking. Do not look at the evaluators only.
<![if !supportLists]>4) <![endif]>Allow Others to Speak- Do not interrupt others during the GD. Even if you don’t agree with their points do not stop them from speaking. Instead make a mental note and state your points when it’s your turn. This will show that you are not desperate to blow your own trumpet and are mindful of other people’s opinion.
<![if !supportLists]>5) <![endif]>Don’t be Aggressive Speak politely and clearly. Use simple language to convey your thoughts without being irritable. Don’t be aggressive even if you need to disagree with someone. Express your feelings calmly and politely.
<![if !supportLists]>6) <![endif]>Maintain Positive Attitude- GD is a team activity. Be confident but do not try to dominate anyone. Remember it’s a discussion and not a debate, so express your thoughts calmly and politely. Ensure a positive body language. Show interest in the group discussion when others are expressing their thoughts. This will make you appear as someone who is a team player.
<![if !supportLists]>7) <![endif]>Speak Sensibly- Do not speak just to hog the limelight. Don’t worry even if you speak less. It is alwys better to talk less but sensibly than beat around the bush. Your thoughts should be sensible and relevant. Wasting the group’s time with your irrelevant speech or speaking without proper subject knowledge will only create a poor impression.
<![if !supportLists]>8) <![endif]>Listen Carefully to Others- Being a good listener is an important skill to succeed in group discussions. Pay attention when others are speaking. This will encourage coherent discussion and you will be able to get involved in the group positively. That way, others are also more likely to be receptive to your points.
<![if !supportLists]>9) <![endif]>Avoid Time-Consuming Details- A basic subject analysis is sufficient. There’s no need to mention exact figures and statistics while making a reference. You have limited time in a GD, so be precise and convey your thoughts in a smart and crisp manner.
<![if !supportLists]>10) <![endif]>Keep the Discussion on Track- If you find the group is digressing from the topic or goal then simply take the initiative to bring the discussion back on track. Uphold and emphasize the group’s common objective to stick to the topic to arrive at some conclusion at the end of the group discussion. This will exhibit your leadership skills.
10) What is the Purpose of communication?
Management is getting the things done through others. The people working in the organisation should therefore be informed how to do the work assigned to them in the best possible manner. The communication is essential in any organisation.
The purpose of the communication can be summed up into the following:
<![if !supportLists]>1. <![endif]>Flow of Information: The relevant information must flow continuously from top to bottom and vice versa. The staff at all levels must be kept informed about the organisational objectives and other developments taking place in the organisation.
<![if !supportLists]>2. <![endif]>Coordination: It is through communication the efforts of all the staff working in the organisation can be coordinated for the accomplishment of the organisational goals. The coordination of all personnel’s and their efforts is the essence of management which can be attained through effective communication.
<![if !supportLists]>3. <![endif]>Learning Management Skills: The communication facilitates flow of information, ideas, beliefs, perception, advice, opinion, orders and instructions etc. both ways which enable the managers and other supervisory staff to learn managerial skills through experience of others.
<![if !supportLists]>4. <![endif]>The proper and effective communication is an important tool in the hands of management of any organisation to bring about overall change in the organisational policies, procedures and work style and make the staff to accept and respond positively.
<![if !supportLists]>5. <![endif]>Developing Good Human Relations: Managers and workers and other staff exchange their ideas, thoughts and perceptions with each other through communication. This helps them to understand each other better. They realize the difficulties faced by their colleagues at the workplace. This leads to promotion of good human relations in the organisation.
<![if !supportLists]>6. <![endif]> Ideas of Subordinates Encouraged: The communication facilitates inviting and encouraging the ideas from subordinates on certain occasions on any task. This will develop creative thinking. Honoring subordinates’ ideas will further motivate them for hard work and a sense of belonging to the organisation will be developed.
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